The Virgin Birth of Jesus declares his deity

Luke opens his account of Jesus Christ with the miraculous birth of John the Baptist (1:5-25).  He then goes on to announce that Jesus, the One whom John was to precede and announce, would be born in an even more spectacular and unique way, by being born of a woman, a virgin no less, without human father, conceived by God himself when the Holy Spirit, third Person of the Trinity, came upon her.  This was no physical sexual union between a human woman and a god, such as Zeus disguised as a bull or another creature; neither was it some kind of filthy, perverted sexual union, as Sheikh Ahmed Deedat falsely and blasphemously accuses.  No, the holy God would “overshadow” Mary the virgin, causing her to conceive. 

We don’t need to know the mechanics of Jesus’ conception in the womb of Mary because we know that God gives life to everyone anyway; but this conception was unique.  In that womb, God took to himself a true human nature and irrevocably knitted it together with his own divine nature, God and man together as one; true God, true man, two perfect natures in one person – the Person of Jesus Christ. 

And his birth was announced to some shepherds by an angel from heaven (Lk 2:9).   The angel told them: “…unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which Christ the Lord” (Lk 2:10-11).  Even though it was lowly shepherds and not kings and great men to whom the announcement was made, heaven itself was present at the birth of the God-man Jesus. 

Furthermore, when Zacharias the priest, father of John the Baptist, in prophesying his son’s future role as the forerunner and herald of the Messiah, said, “And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways; To give knowledge of salvation unto his people by the remission of their sins, Through the tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us, To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace” (Lk 1:76-79).

This prophecy is nothing less than a statement that Jesus is Jehovah.  The Old Testament prophecy talks about one who will come before God, preparing the way before Him; the prophecy is from Isaiah.  In part, it says “The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight in the desert a highway for our God…. O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God!  Behold, the Lord God will come with strong hand, and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him.  He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young” (Isa 40:3, 9-11 cf Jn 10:1-18, 26-27; 21:16-17). 

This prophecy identifies John the Baptist as the forerunner who precedes and prepares the way for Jesus, and identifies Jesus as being God, for whom the Baptist prepares the way.  It is fulfilled in Luke’s gospel: “And he came into all the country about Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins; As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.  Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low; and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth; And all flesh shall see the salvation of God” (Lk

The baptizer with the Holy Spirit

In chapter 3, Luke writes of John the Baptist doing what he was created and called by God to do, and that was to prepare the way for the coming of the Lord.  In this passage, he points to the superiority of Christ, and that he will baptize with the Holy Spirit and with fire.  Who else can baptize with God the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, but God – in this case the second person of the Trinity?  God himself says, “Who hath directed the spirit of the LORD, or being his counsellor has taught him?” (Isa 40:13).  If no living being can direct or teach the Spirit of God, how much less can they baptize with him”.  Only God can do this.  Furthermore, Isaiah writes, “….until the spirit be poured upon us from on high…..” (Isa 32:15).  Who but God can pour out his own Spirit on people?

Thus, Luke is showing us that Christ is God, and confirms what Matthew and Mark said about John the Baptist, the forerunner, proclaiming the coming of the Lord Jesus who is God; and that it is God who is the one to come (Isa 40:1-11).

Power over the forces of nature

In chapter 5, when Jesus told the disciples to take their boat out again, even though they had been fishing unsuccessfully all night, they took their boat and dropped their net, and had a huge catch.  “When Simon Peter saw it, he fell down at Jesus’ knees, saying, Depart from me; for I am a sinful man, O Lord” (Lk 5:8).  Peter recognised deity standing right before him, and he was stricken with the sense of his own sinfulness; it is only the presence of God that can produce this conviction.  It only takes a glimpse of God to wake us up to who and what we really are.  When God reveals himself to us in even the smallest way, his holiness is so pure that it highlights all that is impure; and this sense of impurity in the sinner overwhelms him.  How much more overwhelming and terrifying will it be when unsaved sinners stand before God at his throne and must give account to him for everything they’ve ever done?  I’ve heard many unbelievers say that if they do stand before God, they’re going to be asking him some tough questions; some say they will defy him; others that he’ll let them in to heaven because they haven’t done anything really bad; and in fact, they’ve been quite good – certainly better than a lot of other people.  This is all bravado and utter stupidity, spoken in ignorance and vanity.  Those who reject God’s Son will themselves be rejected by God (Ps 2:1-12).

So we can well understand Simon Peter’s reaction when he saw Jesus, and the deity hidden beneath the skin and flesh of Jesus’ humanity.  Anyone who has ever felt the presence of God will identify with Peter.

Jesus claims the same power and authority as God

Power to forgive sins

In the account of the paralysed man who was lowered, still in his bed, through the roof of the house wherein Jesus was teaching, Jesus’ response was to deal with his spiritual need: “When he saw their faith, he said, ‘Friend, your sins are forgiven you’” (Lk 5:20).

The scribes and Pharisees who were present rightly knew that forgiveness of sins is God’s prerogative alone.  “Then the scribes and the Pharisees began to question, ‘Who is this who is speaking blasphemies?  Who can forgive sins but God alone?’” (Lk 5:21).  But Jesus didn’t try to argue the point that he is God; rather, he put it to the test and demonstrated it in a way far more effective than words.  “But when Jesus perceived their thoughts, he answering said unto them, What reason ye in your hearts? Whether is easier, to say, Thy sins be forgiven thee; or to say, Rise up and walk? But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power upon earth to forgive sins, (he said unto the sick of the palsy,) I say unto thee, Arise, and take up thy couch, and go into thine house. And immediately he rose up before them, and took up that whereon he lay, and departed to his own house, glorifying God” (Lk 5:22-25).  What better demonstration does Jesus need to give that he is indeed the divine Son of God?  He proved his claim to be able to forgive sins by healing the paralyzed man.

In another instance of Jesus claiming the right and power to forgive sins (Lk 7:36-50), we have him eating a meal at the house of a Pharisee named Simon.  As they were reclining at the table to eat, a woman, probably a prostitute, approached Jesus with a box of expensive ointment, washed his feet with her tears, wiped them dry with her hair, kissed his feet, and anointed them with the ointment.  This was an act of worship, gratitude, love, repentance, faith, and sorrow for sins.  However the Pharisee was offended – at Jesus for not recognising what kind of woman this was and allowing her to touch him, and at the woman herself for daring to enter his house uninvited.  Luke writes, “Now when the Pharisee which had bidden him saw it, he spake within himself, saying, This man, if he were a prophet, would have known who and what manner of woman this is that toucheth him: for she is a sinner” (Lk 7:39). 

Luke is indicating that Jesus knew the Pharisee’s thoughts but didn’t rebuke him for them.  Instead he told him a parable to help him see what was wrong with his thinking, and at the same time demonstrating that he has authority to forgive sins.  As a Pharisee, Simon would have known that Jesus was claiming deity.  He said to the Pharisee, “Her sins, which are many, are forgiven; for she loved much: But to whom little is forgiven, the same loveth little.  And he said unto her, Thy sins are forgiven” (Lk 7:47).  Even those who were also dining there recognised what Jesus was claiming and they said “Who is this that forgiveth sins also?” (7:49). So Jesus reiterates what he had just said to the woman, and thus emphasises his claim by saying to her again, “Thy faith hath saved thee; go in peace” (7:50).

Lord of the Sabbath

On one occasion, when Jesus was walking through the cornfields with his disciples, the disciples picked some of the ears of corn and ate them.  The Pharisees saw this and challenged him because it was the Sabbath, and picking the corn was regarded as work.  Jesus referred them to the scripture which talks about how David and his men, as they fled from Saul, ate the shewbread from the altar, having had permission from the priest.  Under normal circumstances this was unlawful but the present circumstance, as David gave it out to the priest, was urgent and needful.  Jesus finished his reply to the Pharisees with the statement, “…the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath” (Lk 6:5).

This was a significant claim because the Sabbath belongs to God.  It was instituted by him as the seventh day of the week.  “And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. 3 And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made” (Gen 2:2-3).

Furthermore, when God gave the law to Israel, he incorporated the keeping of the Sabbath in the Ten Commandments: “Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.  Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God……wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it” (Exod 20:8-11).

So when Jesus said that he is Lord of the Sabbath, he was making a very direct and specific claim to deity, and identifying himself with the Old Testament God of creation and he who gave the law to Israel, and thereby constituting them as a nation.

Jesus changes the Covenant

When God made a covenant with Israel, he gave them a tangible sign to assure and remind them of his faithfulness and of their obligation to be faithful to him.  For example, when God promised that he would never again destroy the earth by water, he gave the sign of a rainbow in the sky for all to see as an assurance that God had bound himself to keep it (Gen 9:8-17).

Again, when God gave the law to Israel, he gave the Sabbath as a sign of his faithfulness and their obligation (Exod 31:12-17).  This covenant is what we now know as the First or Old Covenant, or Old Testament.  Nobody can abrogate or change this covenant; it was instituted by God and must stand until he changes it or it is fulfilled (See Hebrews chap 8 to 10).

At the institution of the Lord’s Supper, Jesus revealed his deity by abrogating the Old Covenant and establishing the New Covenant.  Luke writes: “And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. 20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you” (Luke 22:19-20).

How much clearer does it have to be stated that Jesus is God?  Who else has the right to change the Covenant and the way God relates to his people.  Jesus unequivocally said that he was establishing the New Covenant; and his blood was the sign and confirmation.  Whenever we drink the wine at the Lord’s Supper, we proclaim his death (1 Cor 11:26), acknowledge his deity, and remind ourselves of our New Covenant relationship to him.

Jesus gives his apostles power over devils and sickness

“Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power and authority over all devils, and to cure diseases….And they departed, and went through the towns, preaching the gospel, and healing everywhere” (Lk 9:1, 6).

What mere human being can give another human being power over sickness and devils?  This is the prerogative of God alone.  It is one thing to say you can give a person spiritual power – anyone can do that; but Luke records that the apostles then went out and did exactly what Jesus told them to do, thus demonstrating by their actions that Jesus does have authority to delegate such spiritual power.

Jesus appoints his apostles as judges over Israel

Jesus said to his apostles, “Ye are they which have continued with me in my temptations.  And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed unto me; That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel” (Lk 22:28-30).

Here is another expression of deity.  Jesus claims authority to delegate his apostles to judge the nation of Israel.  The nation of Israel was the people of God, and who would dare usurp God’s rule over them?  But Jesus does – because he is God.  Israel is his people.  In a moving passage, Luke records Jesus’ sorrow as he contemplated the destruction that was about to come upon Jerusalem and the nation of Israel: “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killest the prophets, and stonest them that are sent unto thee; how often would I have gathered thy children together, as a hen doth gather her brood under her wings, and ye would not!  Behold, your house is left unto you desolate: and verily I say unto you, Ye shall not see me, until the time come when ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord” (Lk 13:34-35).  Jesus is here identifying himself with the God of Israel in the Old Testament, sending his prophets to his people Israel in his efforts to bring them back to himself – but they refused him. 

Darkness at noon; Creation acknowledges death of its Creator

When Jesus hung on the cross, the sun stopped shining and the land became dark.  This was not an eclipse of the sun because there was none due at that time; it was a supernatural darkness because the divine Son of God was dying.  “And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.  And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst” (Lk 23:44-45).

Luke records in his other book, “The Acts of the Apostles”, that God shed his own blood to redeem sinners: “Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood” (Acts 20:28).

It was no ordinary man who died on that cross – Luke tells us that it was Jesus – God himself, God the Son, who shed his innocent blood and died, murdered by wicked men.

And as he hung on the cross between two thieves, one of them turned to him and, after vindicating Jesus to the other thief, said, “Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.  And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise” (Lk 23:42-43).

How could Jesus make such a promise if he didn’t have power to do so?  Was he just trying to make the man a bit more comfortable in his spirit before he faced God by giving him a false sense of security?  No – this would be a lie of the cruellest nature in its effects.  The thief recognised that Jesus was divine; otherwise he wouldn’t have asked him to remember him when he came into his kingdom; he recognised that Jesus had power beyond the grave.  He acknowledged his sin and asked for mercy from the only One who could give it to him.

Ashamed of Jesus

Jesus said, “….whosoever shall be ashamed of me and of my words, of him shall the Son of Man be ashamed, when he shall come in his own glory, and in his Father’s, and of the holy angels” (Lk 9:26).  God doesn’t condemn a person for being ashamed to identify with another human being, or even of an angel; but to reject Jesus, the Son of Man, is to invite judgment upon one’s self.

Jesus is the fulfilment of prophecy

When Jesus made his great end-times prophecy, he put himself at the very centre of it, indicating his deity, and in control of cataclysmic cosmic events.  “And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the sea and the waves roaring; Men’s hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth: for the powers of heaven shall be shaken.  And then shall they see the Son of man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.  And when these things begin to come to pass, then look up, and lift up your heads; for your redemption draweth nigh” (Lk 21:25-28). 

This will be the fulfilment of Daniel’s prophecy: “I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him.  And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed” (Dan 7:13-14).

In delivering this prophecy, Jesus spoke with the authority of deity: “Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away” (Lk 21:33).  He’s not saying that his words are of such enduring and timeless value that humanity will never forget them but keep them enshrined forever, such as the writings of Homer or Buddha or Shakespeare – he speaks as God with his own divine authority.  His statement recalls that in the prophets: “So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it shall not return to me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it” (Isa 55:11).

Jesus ascends to heaven

When Jesus had revealed himself to his apostles after his resurrection, “…he presented himself alive to them by many convincing proofs, appearing to them during forty days and speaking about the kingdom of God….” (Acts 1:3), “And he led them out as far as Bethany, and, he lifted up his hands, and blessed them.  And it came to pass, while he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven.  And they worshipped him…..” (Lk 24:50-52).