“The words of king Lemuel, the prophecy that his mother taught him….Give not thy strength unto women, nor thy ways to that which destroyeth kings” (Proverbs 31:1, 3).
Samson was a real man in real history. He was a living hero of early Israel whose exploits have become legendary because of his amazing feats of strength; and he had characteristics in common with Heracles, one of the greatest heroes of classical mythology. Even his birth had a supernatural element about it in that it was prophesied like some kind of mythical hero by an angelic visitor whom, we discover as we read the narrative, was a theophany – the second Person of the Trinity.
The story of Samson is told in the book of Judges, chapters 13 to 16. He was born in the time of the judges of early Israel and when the Philistines dominated Israel, approximately 30-40 years before Saul was made king of Israel; and Samson himself was a judge and therefore a leader in Israel. He was the first to strike a blow against Israel’s Philistine overlords.
Samson’s Birth Announced by an Angel
Before he was born, before he was even conceived, God chose him to lead his people Israel and deliver them from the hands of the Philistines. We’re told: “And there was a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the Danites, whose name was Manoah; and his wife was barren, and bare not. And the angel of the Lord appeared unto the woman, and said unto her, Behold now, thou art barren, and bearest not: but thou shalt conceive, and bear a son. Now therefore beware, I pray thee, and drink not wine nor strong drink, and eat not any unclean thing: For, lo, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and no razor shall come on his head: for the child shall be a Nazarite unto God from the womb: and he shall begin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines” (Jud 13:2-5).
Samson’s shared characteristics with the mythical Heracles
It is natural for us to compare Samson with Heracles because of their superhuman strength. Chronologically, only a century separates them; the myth of Heracles can be traced as far back as the 13th century B.C. and Samson’s life can be dated to the 12th century B.C. Heracles’ exploits were known across the ancient world, and one of his famous Twelve Labours was to kill the Nemean lion, a creature with an impenetrable hide who had been laying waste the countryside. Heracles located him in a cave, strangled him, and wore the hide as armour ever afterwards. Samson likewise killed a lion, which he met by the wayside, literally tearing it to pieces with his bare hands; and there the similarity ends. Heracles was a demigod, having been born of a union between Zeus and a human woman, hence his inherent immense strength; whereas Samson was only ever a human being, but one who was given extraordinary physical strength by the Holy Spirit. Thus we see that deities were closely involved in the lives of each of these men.
Samson had prodigious physical strength and he used it to perform great acts for God and his people, Israel. He even made it into the bible’s “Hall of Fame”, being commended as a man of extraordinary faith (Heb 11:32); this is quite an honour, considering that the bible is full of people of extraordinary faith. Indeed, only fifteen people are actually named in this list of “Heroes of the Faith” – and Samson is one of them.
Samson the Nazarite
At his birth, Samson was to be dedicated to God as a Nazirite. Nazirites were people who had dedicated themselves or had been dedicated to God, and one of the requirements of being a Nazarite was that they were not to shave their heads; they were to let their hair grow during the whole time of their separation to God (Num 6:5). But Samson was appointed by God to be a Nazirite from the time of his birth and for his whole life. Consequently, his hair may never have been cut; but it was allowable for lifelong Nazirites to cut their hair once a year if their hair became bothersome. However, the bible does tell us that Samson did indeed have very much and very long hair – so long that he kept it in seven locks (Jud 16:19). His hair, the source of his strength (Jud 16:17), became his weakness and destruction.
The Story of Samson
“And Samson went down to Timnath, and saw a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines. And he came up, and told his father and his mother, and said, I have seen a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines: now therefore get her for me to wife. Then his father and his mother said unto him, Is there never a woman among the daughters of thy brethren, or among all my people, that thou goest to take a wife of the uncircumcised Philistines? And Samson said unto his father, Get her for me; for she pleaseth me well” (Jud 14:1-3).
Samson does not give a good first impression. In his introduction to us he appears to be imperious, demanding, and apparently entitled; a spoilt brat in an adult body. Donald Stamps (KJV Life in the Spirit Study Bible) comments: “Samson’s sexual lust eventually led to his downfall (cf 4, 19-21). He was more concerned with satisfying his sexual passion than with pleasing his holy God (vv 1-3)”. But step back for a moment – the text tells us that this occasion was of the Lord. It was to be Samson’s first conflict with the Philistines – the storm was about to break on them. God, through his chosen and prepared servant, was moving to deliver his people Israel.
I like to think that Samson knew what was happening; knew what God was doing; knew his own part in this occasion. After all, he was placed on that exclusive list of heroes of the faith, so he wasn’t just some weak dim-witted man led by his lusts, as Donald Stamps seems to think. He was a remarkable man of faith, yet with human flaws, who walked with God; a man whose birth was prophesied by “the angel of the LORD” and who was dedicated by God to God. He also judged Israel for twenty years! How could he have done this, dispensing justice to all the people, if he lived only to satisfy his lusts? It is simply not feasible that Samson was the kind of man that Donald Stamps thinks he was.
More plausibly than Stamps, Matthew Henry comments on Judges 16:1-3: “His taking a Philistine to wife, in the beginning of his time, was in some degree excusable, but to join himself to a harlot that he accidentally saw among them was a profanation of his honor as an Israelite and as a Nazarite….He rose at midnight with a penitent abhorrence of the sin he was now committing, and of himself because of it, and with a pious resolution not to return to it….He makes immediately towards the gate of the city, stays not to break open the gates, but plucks up the posts, takes them, gates and bar and all, in disdain of their attempt to secure him with gates and bars, proof of the great strength God had given him and a type of Christ’s victory over death and the grave” (The Matthew Henry Study Bible).
And his confidence in God – his faith – enabled him to be sure in himself and unworried. Samson wasn’t a spoiled brat – he was the sword of the Lord – the instrument of judgment on the enemies of God and of Israel. God had been preparing Samson for this time, equipping him with all he would need to fulfil God’s purposes. And now Samson was looking for a fight.
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to my Wedding
Samson made his way to his wedding with his parents to Timnah, a town just inside Judah’s border with Dan, and apparently the town of his intended Philistine bride. But while he was alone in the vineyards there, he was confronted by a lion: “And the Spirit of the Lord came mightily upon him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his hand: but he told not his father or his mother what he had done” (Jud 14:6). The story is the first of his prodigious feats of strength, and it attributes this strength to God – Samson’s superhuman strength was the gift of God to perform the purposes of God for the good of his people.
The passage tells us that he didn’t tell his parents what he had done (Jud 14:7). And when he came back to take the woman to wife, we’re told: “And after a time he returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcase of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion. And he took thereof in his hands, and went on eating, and came to his father and mother, and he gave them, and they did eat: but he told not them that he had taken the honey out of the carcase of the lion” (Jud 14:8-9).
Riddle me this…
Thus the scene is set for his next exploit. When Samson was at the festivities he was given thirty Philistine companions to be with him. He put a riddle to them as a kind of wager; if the Philistines couldn’t answer his riddle within the seven days of the feast, he would give the companions “thirty sheets and thirty change of garments” (Jud 14:12). But if they couldn’t answer it, they would have to give him the same amount of garments.
Samson’s famous riddle – probably just as widely known as that of the sphinx – was not an unusual occurrence. And it, too, became the catalyst for important events.
By the fourth day Samson’s companions had been unable to answer his riddle, so they approached his wife and threatened to burn her, her father, and his house, if she didn’t find out the answer. After much nagging, she wheedled his secret from him, and forthwith told it to her countrymen; and before the sun went down on the seventh day, they answered Samson’s riddle. Consequently, “….the Spirit of the Lord came upon him, and he went down to Ashkelon, and slew thirty men of them, and took their spoil, and gave change of garments unto them which expounded the riddle. And his anger was kindled, and he went up to his father’s house. But Samson’s wife was given to his companion, whom he had used as his friend” (Jud 14:19-20).
“They stumble upon their corpses” (Nahum 3:3)
Samson left his wedding feast, an angry man, as soon as he had given the garments to his Philistine companions. But before long he came back to Timnath to “go into” his wife, but her father wouldn’t let him because he’d given her to one of his Philistine companions. “Now shall I be more blameless than the Philistines, though I do them a displeasure” (Jud 15:3). And so Samson went into the Philistine corn fields and burnt them, along with the vineyards and the olives. In response, the Philistines burnt his wife and her father.
Samson was not a man to be messed with, and he said to them, “Though ye have done this, yet will I be avenged of you, and after that I will cease. And he smote them hip and thigh with a great slaughter” (Jud 15:7-8).
But it didn’t end there because neither were the Philistines men to be messed with; and they came after him in force. After the men of Judah bound him – with his permission – they handed Samson over to the Philistines who, when they saw Samson, “…the Philistines shouted against him: and the Spirit of the Lord came mightily upon him, and the cords that were upon his arms became as flax that was burnt with fire, and his bands loosed from off his hands. And he found a new jawbone of an ass, and put forth his hand, and took it, and slew a thousand men therewith. And Samson said, With the jawbone of an ass, heaps upon heaps, with the jaw of an ass have I slain a thousand men” (Jud 15:14-16).
Samson: A Flawed Hero
As we read the story of Samson we’re surprised at some of his behaviour. When we read of his sexual escapades, we are surprised, we frown, we criticise, and we judge him as a womaniser and a man of weak character. But is this the right way to regard him when the bible, so far from condemning his sexual relationships, doesn’t even comment on them?
Indeed, God expresses no view of Samson’s sexual sins directly but regards him as a man of faith. And his name is placed among a bevy of heroic men and women (Heb 11:33-34). What illustrious company Samson now finds himself in. That is how God sees Samson; it is his final word on him. Far more preferable this company, despised by the world, than that Samson be memorialised alongside ungodly characters such as Achilles, Heracles, Alexander, and so on.
God sees things differently to how we see them. In the case of Samson, God sees him as a man of extraordinary faith. He saw what humans don’t see. He saw what was worthy and of great price in Samson, and immortalised him for it in the bible record (1 Sam 16:7).
God does not think sin is trivial and neither should we; and we have no warrant to believe we can intentionally sin with the idea of repenting afterwards – this is a very dangerous game to play with God. But the Christian can rejoice and take comfort from the example of Samson. If a sinner such as Samson can be regarded by God as worthy of being enrolled amongst the “Heroes of the Faith”, then we can be encouraged.
The Gaza prostitute
Samson loved women and seemingly thought nothing of sex outside of marriage. In the book of Judges we’re told: “Then went Samson to Gaza, and saw there an harlot, and went in unto her” (Jud 16:1).
This was an event which seemed to have no religious or spiritual purpose; a trip to Gaza for no specified reason and of which is not said that it was from the LORD. Most likely, the reason this particular event is described is because it led to a demonstration of his superhuman strength.
And while he was there, he saw a prostitute who took his fancy. It was one of those moments presented to us by Satan which can be life-changing in its consequences. A moment which catches us off guard; an opportunity which, in our fallen thinking, would be unlikely to occur again, so we take it and think we’ll deal with the consequences later – if there are any. A strikingly similar moment was presented to the patriarch, Judah, where he, too, came across a prostitute (as he thought) and paid her for her favours. And King David was bowled over by the beauty of the naked Bathsheba as she bathed.
So, when the Philistines heard that he was in their city they set an ambush for him, intending to kill him. But, forestalling them, at midnight he rose to leave the city. However, the city gates were shut in order to protect the city and keep its inhabitants safe while they slept. The gates of Gaza or any other ancient walled city weren’t simply gates such as we see in a picket fence or a garage door – they were massive and strong, designed to withstand the battering rams and fury of a besieging army.
But Samson, in an utterly astonishing feat of strength, “took the doors of the gate of the city, and the two posts, and went away with them, bar and all, and put them upon his shoulders, and carried them up to the top of an hill that is before Hebron” (Jud 16:3). The distance between Gaza in Philistia and Hebron in Israel is 37 miles (60 kilometres) as the crow flies. The mind boggles trying to comprehend such a feat!
Treacherous Delilah
Soon afterwards we find Samson in the Valley of Sorek with another Philistine woman – Delilah – with whom he had a brief dalliance. Sorek was on the border of Philistia and Dan, Samson’s homeland. It was this situation that was his undoing. Delilah was promised a large sum of money by the five Philistine lords to find out the source of Samson’s great strength. After several attempts she succeeded in discovering that it was his hair, and that it had never been cut. “And she made him sleep upon her knees; and she called for a man, and she caused him to shave off the seven locks of his head; and she began to afflict him, and his strength went from him. And she said, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he awoke out of his sleep, and said, I will go out as at other times before, and shake myself. And he wist not that the Lord was departed from him. But the Philistines took him, and put out his eyes, and brought him down to Gaza, and bound him with fetters of brass; and he did grind in the prison house” (Jud 16:19-21).
In Samson’s sin, in his weakness and blindness, in his utter helplessness, and under the power of cruel people, God was preparing him for his greatest exploit of all. Samson was to have a victory not only against the Philistines, but over their gods as well.
“Howbeit the hair of his head began to grow again after he was shaven. Then the lords of the Philistines gathered them together for to offer a great sacrifice unto Dagon their god, and to rejoice: for they said, Our god hath delivered Samson our enemy into our hand” (Jud 16:22-23).
Although Samson died in victory over his tormenters – and it was a great victory – and as a hero in the nation of Israel, we’re left feeling sad. He was a man brought very low by his sin; despite his supernatural physical strength, he was overcome by a woman and her deception; his eyes were put out and he was chained to a grinding stone in a prison; and finally he was brought out to entertain his enemies, humiliated, and a laughing stock to all. He died with his enemies, crushed by the huge blocks of stone of the temple, the supports of which he pulled away so that the whole edifice fell to the ground, killing Samson and the several thousand people in and on it. His broken and crushed body was recovered by his family members and buried in the burying place of his father. A great man was humbled and destroyed; the light of Israel was snuffed out – and that was the end.
But God raised his spirit to a great height; and now Samson dwells with his God in peace. It’s not until we read Hebrews 11:32-33 that the gloom lifts and we see Samson surrounded by acrowd of sinners like himself, likewise lifted to glory and joy. And we rejoice with him, a sinner and a saint, a man loved by God, and who, unseen but ever-present, was with Samson every step of his way. “Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his saints” (Ps 116:15).
It is the very last line of the narrative that is the greatest testament to Samson’s godliness and faithfulness: “And he judged Israel twenty years” (Jud 16:31).
References
Henry, M. 1997, “The Matthew Henry Study Bible: King James Version”, copyright Thomas Nelson Inc., pub Hendrickson Publishers, Peabody, MA.
KJV Life in the Spirit Study Bible, ed. Stamps, D. and Adams J.W., 2003, Thomas Nelson, Nashville, TN
All scripture references are from the Authorised King James Version of the Bible.